Avicenna extrapolated the cancer with legs of cancer crab which can to grow around the other organs and tissues.Īvicenna's view point Metastatic breast cancer.Ĭopyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. He also mentioned that some vessels may be appeared around the cancerous part. With views of Avicenna, cancer is an atrabilious (black bile) swelling (tumor) which sometimes may be accompanied by pain or swelling.
He underlined that cancer should be diagnosed and cured in the early stages. This report can be considered as a very early report of metastatic or stage IV breast cancer. A case of breast cancer and metastatic condition has been reported by Avicenna in the Canon of Medicine. However, apart from all respective documents remained from the antiquity, concepts and standpoints of Avicenna (Ibn Sina a famous Persian physician) in regard of the cancer are interesting. Allen of the Metropolitan Museum of Art.Historically, one of the earliest breast cancer case descriptions comes from an Egyptian manuscript so called "the Edwin Smith Papyrus" dating back to the Pyramid Age. When you click on the text button on the site you see the new translation of that portion of the papyrus made by James P. ♦ You can scroll through a virtual scroll of the Edwin Smith papyrus on the website of the National Library of Medicine at. The physiological functions of organs and vessels remained a complete mystery to the ancient Egyptians." Other vessels are described, some carrying air, some mucus, while two to the right ear are said to carry the breath of life, and two to the left ear the breath of death.
The papyrus shows that the heart, vessels, liver, spleen, kidneys, ureters and bladder were recognized, and that the blood vessels were known to be connected to the heart. It contains the first known descriptions of the cranial sutures, the meninges, the external surface of the brain, the cerebrospinal fluid, and the intracranial pulsations. "The papyrus also describes anatomical observations in exquisite detail. When Edwin Smith, an American dealer and collector of antiquities, acquired the papyrus in Egypt in 1862, it consisted of a single scroll about 15 feet long with some loose fragments, but it was cut into 17 columns sometime in the 19 th century. The use of magic for treatment is resorted to in only one case (Case 9). Immobilisation was often advised for head and spinal cord injuries, which is still in practice today in the short-term treatment of some injuries. Among the treatments are closing wounds with sutures (for wounds of the lip, throat, and shoulder), preventing and curing infection with honey and mouldy bread, and stopping bleeding with raw meat. "The text begins by addressing injuries to the head, and continues with treatments for injuries to neck, arms and torso, where the text breaks off. In 1948, the New York Historical Society and the Brooklyn Museum presented the papyrus to the New York Academy of Medicine, where it is preserved today. From 1938 through 1948, the papyrus was at the Brooklyn Museum.
After Smith's death in 1906 his daughter donated the papyrus to New York Historical Society.
Coincidentally, Smith was born in Connecticut in 1822 – the same year Egyptian hieroglyphic was decoded by Champollion. Sometime in the 19th century it was cut into 17 columns. In 1862 it was purchased in Luxor, Egypt by Edwin Smith, an American Egyptologist and collector and dealer in antiquities. When the papyrus was discovered it was about 15 feet long in roll or scroll form. Written in the hieratic script of the ancient Egyptian language, it is based on material from a thousand years earlier. It consists of a list of 48 traumatic injury cases, with a description of the physical examination, treatment and prognosis of each. The Edwin Smith Papyrus, the most detailed and sophisticated of the extant medical papyri, is the only surviving copy of part of an ancient Egyptian textbook on trauma surgery, and the world's oldest surgical treatise.
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